Ferns are both sporophytes and vascular plants, more evolved than mosses and more primitive than seed plants, and are an important transitional group of plants between mosses and seed plants. Ferns have well-developed sporophytes and are mostly perennial herbs, a few are annuals, and very few species are woody.
One difference between ferns and other terrestrial plants is that they have separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations. Unlike bryophytes, the green plant bodies are usually seen are sporophytes of ferns, with well-developed sporophytes and degenerate gametophytes, and both sporophytes and gametophytes can live independently.
Lifeasible propagation by tissue culture is particularly suitable for some fern species with no spores or few spores, spore sterile hybrids, and spore propagation difficulties. In addition, it has important practical applications for the conservation of fern species, especially endangered species, etc.
The propagation of ferns is divided into sexual propagation (spore propagation) and asexual propagation (nutritional propagation) and tissue culture. Sexual propagation has the characteristics of simple operation, space-saving, low cost, and large reproduction, but the wild ornamental fern resources will be seriously damaged by digging. The reproduction factor of asexual propagation is very low, which increases the production cost of ornamental ferns and is not conducive to the promotion of ornamental fern resources. Lifeasible uses tissue culture technology to propagate ferns, which has the advantages of fast multiplication speed and less material required, and the material can be either sporophyte or gametophyte.
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